刚开始接触老人时，与老人建立良好的关系非常重要。养老护理员应因时、因地、因人选择恰当的话题，确定适当的交谈内容，加强与老人的交流与沟通。要想很自然地开始交谈，可根据不同情况采取以下方式：
It is very important to establish a good relationship with the elderly at the beginning of contact. Elderly care workers should choose appropriate topics based on time, location, and person, determine appropriate conversation content, and strengthen communication and interaction with the elderly. To start a conversation naturally, the following methods can be adopted according to different situations:
问候式
Greeting style
向老人问好、询问老人的睡眠饮食情况，如“昨晚睡得好吗？今天早上吃饭了吗？”话虽不多，却与老人形成情感交流，缩短了彼此之间的距离，让老人感到温暖和关怀。
Say hello to the elderly and inquire about their sleep and diet, such as "Did you sleep well last night? Did you eat this morning?" Although there are not many words, it forms emotional communication with the elderly, shortens the distance between them, and makes them feel warm and caring.
关心式
Caring style
对老人进行一些必要的嘱咐，如“今天天气不好，要加件衣服，不要着凉了。”“您想起床活动吗？让我扶您在室内走走。”也可告知老人值得高兴的事情，使老人感到身心愉快，感受到护理员对自己的关心。
Provide necessary instructions to the elderly, such as "If the weather is bad today, add some clothes and don't catch a cold." "Do you want to get up and move around? Let me help you walk indoors." You can also tell the elderly something to be happy about, making them feel happy both physically and mentally, and feeling the care of the caregiver for themselves.
赞美式
Praise style
赞美是很好的开场技巧之一，如“您看上去比前两天好多了。“您今天气色真不错。”等……
Praise is one of the good opening techniques, such as "You look much better than the last two days." "You look really good today."
言他式
Paraphrasing
如“这花真漂亮，是您女儿刚送来的吧？”“您在看什么书”等等，这些开场白可以使老人感到护理人员的关爱，消除老人的紧张戒备心理，使交谈自然而然地转入主题。
Such opening remarks as "This flower is really beautiful, was it just sent by your daughter?" "What book are you reading?" can make the elderly feel cared for by the nursing staff, eliminate their nervousness and vigilance, and naturally shift the conversation to the main topic.
注意：
Attention:
新加坡失智症协会指出，和认知症患者交谈时，*重要的是简化沟通，使用简单的字句，别一次问太多问题，以免让患者感到不堪重负。
The Singapore Association for Dementia pointed out that when talking to patients with cognitive impairment, it is important to simplify communication, use simple words and phrases, and not ask too many questions at once to avoid making patients feel overwhelmed.
交谈时，保持笑容和眼神交流，适当时可以握握患者的手，助安抚情绪，让对方感觉安心。选较安静的地方谈话，尽量避免有复杂背景声，或关上窗减少从外头传来的声音。
During conversations, maintain a smile and eye contact, and when appropriate, hold the patient's hand to help soothe emotions and make the other person feel at ease. Choose a quieter place to talk, try to avoid complex background sounds, or close the window to reduce the sound coming from outside.